Charles is a population biologist with broad interests in science and the interplay of science and policy. He has spent his career at Oxford University and Imperial College and is currently Director of the Oxford Martin School and Professor of Population Biology at Oxford. His research has involved experimental and theoretical studies in population and community ecology, epidemiology and evolutionary biology. He is particularly interested in food security and leads the Future of Food Programme at Oxford. He chaired the Lead Expert Group of the UK Government Office of Science’s Foresight project on the Future of Food and Farming, and was until 2021 chair of Defra’s (the UK’s farming and environment ministry) Science Advisory Council.